{"id":11490,"date":"2016-12-14T10:17:19","date_gmt":"2016-12-14T16:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/?p=11490"},"modified":"2016-12-14T10:23:50","modified_gmt":"2016-12-14T16:23:50","slug":"colinzile-in-literatura-poporana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/?p=11490","title":{"rendered":"COLINZILE \u00ceN LITERATURA POPORAN\u0102"},"content":{"rendered":"

L<\/strong><\/span>imba este mijlocul de comunicare a sim\u0163irii \u015fi inteligen\u0163ii.<\/p>\n

Ea este un organism viu \u015fi va avea o origine \u015fi un trecut deci o istorie. Dup\u0103 ce s’a n\u0103scut, ea tinde dela sine s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 se diferen\u0163ieze. Se poate asem\u0103na unui copac mare, care eman\u0103 ramuri \u015fi crengi.<\/p>\n

Vorbit\u0103 pe un teritoriu \u00eentins, limba produce nuan\u0163e dialec\u00adtale, care se ramific\u0103 cu vremea \u00een dialecte, iar acestea pot ajunge dup\u0103 desvoltare \u00eendelungat\u0103 \u015fi \u00een condi\u0163ii deosebite, limbi de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare. In timpul acestor schimb\u0103ri \u00eencepe \u015fi o istorie a acelea\u015fi limbi. Literatura are o existen\u0163\u0103 tot at\u00e2t de veche ca \u015fi limba. Cu c\u00e2t omul se afl\u0103 pe o treapt\u0103 de cultur\u0103 mai joas\u0103, cu at\u00e2t produc\u0163iile sale literare sunt mai primitive.<\/p>\n

\"Magii...<\/a>

Magii…<\/em><\/span> Grafica de Catul Bogdan<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Produc\u0163iile literare ale omului f\u0103r\u0103 \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 de carte, alc\u0103tuesc literatura poporan\u0103 \u015fi au o existen\u0163\u0103 cu mult mai veche de\u00adc\u00e2t literatura cult\u0103. Literatura cult\u0103, a ap\u0103rut abia c\u00e2nd \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103\u00adtura \u00eenalt\u0103 s’a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00eentr’un cerc mai mic sau mai mare de indivizi.<\/p>\n

Literatura poporan\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi are \u015fi ea istoria sa, dar care nu opre\u015fte diferen\u0163ierea limbii.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een veacul al XIX-lea literatura poporan\u0103 nu numai c\u0103 nu a fost pre\u0163uit\u0103, dar nici luat\u0103 \u00een seam\u0103. La unele popoare cu un trecut cultural mai vechi, ea a disp\u0103rut aproape f\u0103r\u0103 urm\u0103, fiind \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu produc\u0163iile literare de natur\u0103 cult\u0103.<\/p>\n

Numai popoarele, care s’au bucurat t\u00e2rziu de binefacerile culturii au putut s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103streze aceast\u0103 comoar\u0103 nepre\u0163uit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Poporul rom\u00e2n, fiind izolat de popoarele care s’au bucurat de binefacerile culturii prin soarta care i-a fost h\u0103r\u0103zit\u0103 \u015fi-a p\u0103s\u00adtrat neatins\u0103 aceast\u0103 comoar\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00centreag\u0103 literatur\u0103 poporan\u0103 este produsul celor \u00eenzestra\u0163i cu darul poeziei. Ea \u00eens\u0103 circul\u00e2nd din gur\u0103 ‘n gur\u0103 apare sub mai multe forme (variare) asem\u0103n\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

Literatura poporan\u0103 este oral\u0103, anonim\u0103 \u015fi colectiv\u0103.<\/p>\n

Crea\u0163iunile poporane n’au \u00eens\u0103 ad\u00e2ncimea \u015fi sublitatea de sim\u0163ire a poeziei culte; sunt \u00eens\u0103 mai spontane \u015fi mai sincere dec\u00e2t acestea.<\/p>\n

Poporul nostru \u00ee\u015fi c\u00e2nt\u0103 c\u00e2ntecele din vremurile cele mai vechi. In ele \u00ee\u015fi exprim\u0103 suferin\u0163a \u015fi pl\u0103cerea, \u00een c\u00e2ntec \u00ee\u015fi zugr\u0103ve\u015fte g\u00e2ndul, n\u0103ravul \u015fi faptele sale; c\u00eentecul este o r\u0103sfr\u00e2ngere a su\u00adfletului s\u0103u.<\/p>\n

Literatura noastr\u0103 e bogat\u0103 \u015fi variat\u0103 at\u00e2t \u00een sim\u0163\u0103mintele pe care le exprim\u0103 c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een formele \u00een care se \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015faz\u0103. Aproa\u00adpe toate genurile literaturii culte, \u00ee\u015fi au forme corespunz\u0103toare \u00een literatura poporan\u0103.<\/p>\n

Legendele, baladele, basmele, corespund genului epic; pro\u00adverbele, ghicitorile \u015fi anecdotele, corespund genului didactic, iar doinele, care exprim\u0103 o serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de sim\u0163\u0103minte: de dor, \u00eentristare, melancolie, admira\u0163ie etc. sunt corespunz\u0103toare celui liric.<\/p>\n

In c\u00e2ntecele de stea, plugu\u015forul, vicleimul, ac\u0163iunea e dramatizat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Multe din produc\u0163iile acestea din urm\u0103, colinzile \u015fi basmele, au un trecut str\u0103vechi; o dovedesc elementele de via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi credin\u0163\u0103 pe care le con\u0163in aceste pl\u0103smuiri ale imagina\u0163iei poporului.<\/p>\n

G\u0103sim elemente din mitologia greac\u0103, care au fost adoptate mediului cre\u015ftin.<\/p>\n

Credin\u0163a \u015fi supersti\u0163iile poporului dela sat ne sunt c\u00e2ntate \u00een unele colinzi. Ne descrie iadul cu chinurile sale, raiul, etc. Ni-l prezint\u0103 pe Sf. Ilie ca purt\u0103tor al tunetelor \u015fi fulgerelor, de ex. :<\/p>\n

In colinda: “La tulpina pomului”<\/em>, colind\u0103 care azi nu o c\u00e2nt\u0103 dec\u00e2t b\u0103tr\u00e2nii, vedem \u00eentreg soborul ceresc \u0163in\u00e2nd sfat.<\/p>\n

La un moment dat, prinser\u0103 de veste:<\/p>\n

\u201eC\u0103 Iuda ‘n rai a \u00eentrat<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015ei r\u0103u raiul lo pr\u0103dat<\/em><\/span>
\n\u2014 \u201eSpune\u0163i-mi drept ce-o luat” <\/em><\/span>
\n\u2014 \u201eIa cheile raiului<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015eu\u015ftaru botezului<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015ei talgeru cu miru<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015ei luna cu lumina<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015ei soarele cu razele”.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Dumnezeu \u00eei \u00eentreb\u0103: <\/em><\/span>
\n\u201eDintre noi \u015fi dintre voi, <\/em><\/span>
\nCare s’ar putea afla<\/em><\/span>
\n\u015ei s\u0103 bat\u0103 cu Iuda”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e2nt Ilie sus s\u0103ri<\/em><\/span>
\n\u201eGata s Doamne \u015fi m’oi bate <\/em><\/span>
\nNuma-mi d\u0103 ce-oi cere eu <\/em><\/span>
\nD\u0103-mi tunu \u015fi fulgeru”<\/em><\/span>
\n……………………………………….<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTun\u0103 rar, fulger\u0103 des” <\/em><\/span>
\nC\u00e2nd tun\u0103 d\u00e2nt\u00e2ia\u015f dat\u0103 <\/em><\/span>
\nIuda ‘ntreg mi s\u0103 sf\u0103rm\u0103 <\/em><\/span>
\nC\u00e2nd tun\u0103 a doua or\u0103<\/em><\/span>
\nS\u0103 \u0163\u00e2p\u0103 \u015fi le-apuc\u0103 <\/em><\/span>
\nToate ‘n raiu le b\u0103g\u0103 <\/em><\/span>
\nM\u00e2ndru rai se lumin\u0103 <\/em><\/span>
\nGrozav iad se ‘ntunec\u0103.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

In alte colinzi, g\u0103sim o mul\u0163ime de expresii cu adev\u0103rat frumoase; g\u0103sim \u00eentrebuin\u0163ate unele cuvinte cari \u00een dialectul bi\u00adhorean nu sunt \u00eentrebuin\u0163ate ci sunt \u00eenlocuite cu cuvinte de influen\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen \u201eV\u00e2n\u0103tori de-a lui Cr\u0103ciun”<\/em> Sf. Fecioar\u0103 ascult\u0103 slujba:<\/p>\n

\u201eCu cosi\u0163e despletite<\/em><\/span>
\nPeste Fiu Sf\u00e2nt slobozite”.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 dar c\u0103 \u00eenainte vreme, era \u00eentrebuin\u0163at cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eCosi\u0163e”, \u00eenlocuit azi cu altul cu mult mai dur \u015fi mai pu\u0163in rom\u00e2nesc. Expresii de felul acesta g\u0103sim multe \u00een colinzile noastre bihorene.
\n\u00cen colinda \u201eMirelul”<\/em> auzim :<\/p>\n

Cel mirelu-i tinerel<\/em><\/span>
\nHoi alerui Domnu-i bun <\/em><\/span>
\nOi-i\u015f are munte n’are <\/em><\/span>
\nHoi alerui Domnu-i bun.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Se repet\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 colind\u0103 dup\u0103 fiecare vers \u201eHoi alerui Domnu-i bun” f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se \u015ftie azi semnifica\u0163ia acestor vorbe. Incontestabil c\u0103 aceast\u0103 colind\u0103 e una din cele mai vechi; ea ne-a fost p\u0103strat\u0103 chiar din timpurile de c\u00e2nd se pl\u0103m\u0103dea poporul nostru.<\/p>\n

Secole dear\u00e2ndul au r\u0103mas neschimbate aceste vorbe. \u201eAlerui Domnu-i bun”<\/em> \u00een aceast\u0103 colind\u0103, nu e altceva dec\u00e2t \u201eAleruia”<\/em> latin, corespunz\u00e2nd ast\u0103zi cu aliluia.
\nVedem \u00een aceasta, unul din cuvintele latine, care au fost folosite de rom\u00e2nii primelor secole \u015fi scos ulterior din uz.<\/p>\n

Toate aceste expresii curat rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, \u00eentrebuin\u0163ate azi doar \u00een colinzi, dovedesc c\u0103 \u015fi pe aceste meleaguri se vorbea o limb\u0103 cu mult mai curat rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u015fi numai pe urm\u0103 a fost alterat\u0103 de str\u0103inisme.<\/p>\n

Azi se colind\u0103 tot mai rar. Multe au r\u0103mas \u00eenjum\u0103t\u0103\u0163ite doar \u00een mintea c\u00e2torva mo\u015fnegi. Tineretul nu le \u00eenva\u0163\u0103 \u015fi vor dispare \u00een scurt timp aceste produc\u0163ii ale poporului \u015fi cu ele odat\u0103 \u015fi frumoasele obiceiuri de s\u0103rb\u0103tori.<\/p>\n

O adev\u0103rat\u0103 primejdie ast\u0103zi pentru sate \u015fi pentru c\u00e2ntecul rom\u00e2nesc \u00eendeob\u015fte, este n\u0103p\u0103direa lor de c\u00e2ntecul u\u015for venit din str\u0103in\u0103tate \u015fi r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een toate p\u0103r\u0163ile de l\u0103utari \u015fi orchestre. Toate aceste \u00eemprumuturi sunt streine de sufletul neamului nostru.<\/p>\n

Ceeace a c\u00e2ntat el, e ve\u015fnic \u015fi r\u0103sfr\u00e2nge sufletul unui neam \u00eentreg, pe c\u00e2nd ce vine din afar\u0103, n’are r\u0103d\u0103cini.<\/p>\n

Se ofilesc ca florile de c\u00e2mp \u00een r\u0103stimpul unei veri.<\/p>\n

D. COL\u0162A<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25ca\u25ca<\/span>\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca<\/span>\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca<\/span>\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666<\/span>\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca<\/span>\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca\u25ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Limba este mijlocul de comunicare a sim\u0163irii \u015fi inteligen\u0163ii. Ea este un organism viu \u015fi va avea o origine \u015fi un trecut deci o istorie. Dup\u0103 ce s’a n\u0103scut, ea tinde dela sine s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 se diferen\u0163ieze. Se poate asem\u0103na unui copac mare, care eman\u0103 ramuri \u015fi crengi. Vorbit\u0103 pe un teritoriu \u00eentins, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-de-craciun"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3OdDs-2Zk","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11490"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11576,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490\/revisions\/11576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miscarea.net\/w\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}