MIRCEA
ELIADE
Born March 9, 1907, Bucharest, Romania.
Historian of religions and man of letters, distinguished for his
researches in the symbolic language used by various religious traditions
and for his attempt to reduce their meaning to underlying primordial
myths that provide the basis for mystical phenomena.
Eliade took an M.A. in philosophy from the University
of Bucharest in 1928. He studied Sanskrit and Indian philosophy at the
University of Calcutta (1928-31) and then lived for six months in the
Ashram (hermitage) of Rishikesh, Himalaya. Returning to Romania, he
earned his Ph.D. in 1933 with the dissertation Yoga: Essai sur les
origines de la mystique indienne ("Yoga: Essay on the Origins of
Indian Mysticism") and was named assistant professor at Bucharest,
where he taught the history of religions and Indian philosophy
(1933-39). In 1945 he went to Paris as a visiting professor at the
École des Hautes Études of the Sorbonne. In 1956 he became professor
of the history of religions at the University of Chicago, where he
remained. In 1961 he founded the journal History of Religions.
Fundamentally, Eliade considered religious experience
in traditional and contemporary societies as credible phenomena that he
termed hierophanies (i.e., manifestations of the sacred in the world).
His researches traced the forms that these hierophanies have taken
throughout the world and through time. Eliade's essential interpretation
of traditional religious cultures and his analysis of the forms of
mystical experience characterize his major works: Traité d'histoire des
religions (1949; Patterns of Comparative Religion), Le Mythe de
l'éternel retour (1949; The Myth of the Eternal Return), and Le
Chamanisme et les techniques archaïques de l'extase (1951; Shamanism:
Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy). He also expressed his views in works of
fiction, notably the novels Forêt interdite (1955; The Forbidden
Forest) and The Old Man and the Bureaucrats (1979). Among his later
works are two collections of essays, The Quest: History and Meaning in
Religion (1969) and Occultism, Witchcraft, and Cultural Fashion: Essays
in Comparative Religion (1976). He also wrote a three-volume work
entitled A History of Religious Ideas (1978-85) and was editor-in-chief
of the 16-volume Encyclopedia of Religion.
Mircea Eliade was the Sewell L. Avery Distinguished
Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of
Chicago where he remained and taught until his death on April 22 in the
year 1986.
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